China's Peaceful Development Doctrine

A report by Shulong Chu and Xiao Ren

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In 2008, NBR’s Kenneth B. and Anne H.H. Pyle Center for Northeast Asian Studies solicited a series of assessment papers that resulted in the publication of NBR Analysis 18.5, Assessing Regional Reactions to China’s Peaceful Development Doctrine. In this publication, three prominent Asia specialists examined how India, South Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines view China’s “peaceful development” strategy. Brahma Chellaney, Jae Ho Chung, and Carlyle A. Thayer provided an assessment of the different ways regional actors are responding to the opportunities and challenges presented by China’s growing economic, military, and political power.

In 2009, NBR invited two renowned international relations experts from China to offer thoughts on the essays by Chellaney, Chung, and Thayer. Shulong Chu, professor of political science and international relations and deputy director of the Institute of Strategic and International Development Studies at Tsinghua University in Beijing, and Xiao Ren, professor, associate dean, and director of the Center for Chinese Foreign Policy Studies at the Institute for International Studies, Fudan University, share their critiques of the analysis and offer their own perspectives on China’s strategy toward its neighbors in the new report China’s Peaceful Development Doctrine.

Report Highlights

In his essay “Assessing Regional Reactions to China’s ‘Peaceful Development’: A Chinese View,” Dr. Chu agrees that the rise of China presents both opportunities and challenges for the country’s neighbors, and organizes the perceived threats into three dimensions: economic competition, security concerns, and historical grievances. Though Dr. Chu does not completely agree with the emphasis the 2008 NBR Analysis authors place on these three dimensions, he does recognize the extent to which perceptions of the balance between opportunities versus challenges presented by China’s development varies significantly from state to state. He argues that the most significant factor shaping China’s peaceful development strategy and strategic approach to the region is largely ignored by the authors: the actions of the United States and the status of U.S. relations with the other actors in Asia.

In his essay “A Rising China sees itself in Asia’s Mirror,” Dr. Ren commends the authors for recognizing the multifaceted and complex relationship each of the highlighted countries shares with China as well as the degree to which these ties affect their view of China’s strategic intentions. But he is quick to caution that several of the assessments give too much weight to the downside risks and negative aspects of China’s increasing influence in the region and therefore come across as too pessimistic. He points out that the arguments do not adequately address the intentions behind China’s actions, and thus the authors may be overlooking some of the potential benefits for China’s neighbors resulting from China’s peaceful development strategy.

Read the full reports

China’s Peaceful Development Doctrine
by Shulong Chu and Xiao Ren

Assessing Regional Reactions to China’s Peaceful Development Doctrine
by Brahma Chellaney, Jae Ho Chung, and Carlyle A. Thayer.